Vern Braswell: Overcharge and Brady

Vern Braswell, is serving 24 years for second degree murder at Northwest Correctional Complex in Tiptonville, TN.

In July 2020, he received an envelope in the mail. The sender’s name was given as Linda Fairstein, the prosecutor of the Central Park Five in New York, and the return address was a parking lot across the street from 201 Poplar, the Shelby County courthouse and jail.

Inside the envelope was an anonymous cover letter and nine letters from Mr. Braswell’s original case.

The Braswell family

The prosecutor in Mr.Braswell’s case was Amy Weirich, the current Shelby Co. District Attorney, who is up for election this year. There is new evidence of material, in a sealed envelope with a sticky note initialed by Weirich saying that the contents should not be revealed to the defense. Some of the contents of this envelope turned up in 2020.

District Attorney Amy Weirich

The Anonymous Letter

Download the letter (PDF). The writer is evidently an insider in the District Attorney’s office, who had been overcome with guilt during the George Floyd protests. The nine documents were originals or photocopies of letters of reference sent to the judge as character references in May 2005 for Vern Braswell’s bail hearing. These would have been useful during Mr Braswell’s sentencing and appeals, but were missing at that time.

The anonymous letter writer alluded to additional evidence which also went missing, related to details of Vern and Sheila Braswell’s sexual practices. It became clear to the police that the Braswells regularly engaged in choking during sex, which, if it has been known during the trial, would have shown that second-degree intentional murder was an overcharge for what was, in all probability, the result of an accident during sex play.

The letter writer said the evidence has been kept in a sealed envelope and hidden from the defense.

There was also a reference to the fate of his attorney for the post conviction reviews and appeals, Taylor Eskridge. Incarcerated people are generally indigent, and are assigned attorneys by the judge. Small time attorneys can become financially dependent on this revenue stream, so, if judges block them, they can, like Taylor Eskridge, lose their livelihood.

Nine Character References

The nine character reference letters were written in or around May 2005 in support of Vern Braswell’s bail application.

All nine letters start with how the writer knows Vern Braswell, continue with a description of some of Mr. Braswell’s good works, which are very good indeed, and conclude with an opinion that Mr Braswell would attend all hearings if granted bail.

The documents were examined by Thomas Vastrick, a forensic document examiner. (PDF).

Sharon Weeks, Vastrick’s exhibit 5, told of how Braswell arranged for a hotel for a family in his school who lost their home. (PDF).

Darnell Gardner, Vastrick’s exhibit 2a, which also had an affidavit from the writer confirming he sent the letter, had a live ink signature which Vastrick confirmed matched the contemporary signature on the affidavit. Letter (PDF). Affidavit(PDF). The letter spoke about Braswell’s volunteer work counseling alcohol and drug dependent people, especially in the Shelby County prison system.

Craig Cunningham, Vastrick’s exhibit 4a, which also had an affidavit from the writer confirming he sent the letter, had a photocopied signature which Vastrick confirmed matched the contemporary signature on the affidavit. Letter (PDF). Affidavit(PDF). Cunningham was Braswell’s fraternity brother and recounted an anecdote about Vern and Sheila Braswell. This was dated May 2nd, 2005, the only reference letter with a date, although all four affidavits stated the references were sent in May 2005.

Freddie Hunt, Vastrick’s exhibit 7, wrote about Braswell being a fellow member of a 12-step program. They both volunteered to work with addicted incarcerated people. (PDF).

Frank Cotton, Vastrick’s exhibit 8, Memphis Fire Department chief, and Braswell’s frat brother, spoke about Braswell’s charitable work with the fraternity. (PDF).

Myles Wilson, Vastrick’s exhibit 9, Myles Wilson wrote on Fayette County Schools letterhead, where he was Superintendent and Braswell’s former employer. He wrote enthusiastically about Braswell’s raising of funds to provide an educational trip for disadvantaged students. (PDF).

Brian James, Vastrick’s exhibit 6, a school friend and fellow Mason, wrote about Braswell’s influence on James’ education. (PDF).

Benjamin Thomas, Vastrick’s exhibit 1a, which also had an affidavit from the writer confirming he sent the letter, had a photocopied signature which Vastrick confirmed matched the contemporary signature on the affidavit. Letter (PDF). Affidavit(PDF). Braswell volunteered for a football program with underprivileged kids.

Aubrey Burnett, Vastrick’s exhibit 3a, which also had an affidavit from the writer confirming he sent the letter, had a photocopied signature which Vastrick confirmed matched the contemporary signature on the affidavit. Letter (PDF). Affidavit(PDF).

In summary, the nine character references, the whistleblower’s “record of community support” constitute, with the cover letter, the entire package as received by Mr. Braswell. The whistleblower felt that, if this material was available to the appeals court, that Mr. Braswell’s conviction or sentence would have been overturned.

The Character References

Broadly, the accumulated character references paint a picture of an engaged, successful Black community leader, exactly the sort of person chosen when the ruling establishment makes an example of Black influencers.

The OverCharge.

Toby Sells, in a 2015 article in The Memphis Flyer, describes the case:

  • Now comes the case of Vern Braswell, who claims he didn’t murder his wife, Sheila Braswell, in 2004. He says they had rough sex the night she died, and he choked her until she passed out. But he claims she liked it that way, that the couple had a kinky sex life, and on the night of her death she asked for a “fixie,” their term for a round of erotic asphyxiation. 
  • But Braswell has a history of choking women as a hostile act, according to testimony recorded in court papers. He also had been seeing another woman right up until the time of his wife’s death. Divorce papers were found in Sheila’s purse after her death, and she had sought an order of protection from her husband. 
  • On the night of her death, Braswell says he and his wife were in the couple’s jacuzzi. They got intimate and moved to their bedroom “as a result of inadequate lubrication” in the jacuzzi. They got out of the bath and into the bedroom and had sex, sex that included a “fixie.” Afterward, Sheila complained of cramps in her abdomen and got back into the couple’s jacuzzi. 
  • Vern said he went to bed, where he waited for a show called Erotic Confessions to come on. He said he fell asleep at about 1:30 a.m. When he woke at about 3:40 a.m., Sheila was not in bed. Vern Braswell claimed she was in the bathtub with the jacuzzi jets still running. She showed no signs of life, her face and head were submerged in the water. He said he tried to remove her from the tub but couldn’t. He said he called 911, then a police friend of his, and then other family and friends to try to get help.

This goes to the crux of the case. Vern Braswell was charged with first degree murder, and convicted of, and given twenty four years for, second degree murder, a non-premeditated killing, resulting from an assault in which death of the victim was a distinct possibility. If the crime was criminally negligent homicide, a Class E felony in Tennessee, the sentencing range would have been one to six years.

The whistleblower writes about “Was it not crystal clear why the investigators began asking witnesses about choking during sex out of “nowhere”? Was it not crystal clear why some of the case notes were about sexual topics…”. There was also “information on you and her in the clubs”, meaning Vern and Sheila. The whistleblower concluded this thought with “When information is in an envelope it is easy to claim mistake”.

We infer that the mysterious envelope with Amy Weirich’s initials also contained material relevant to the overcharge, possibly including witness statements made to police.

It is unclear why the whistleblower provided only a selection of the material in the envelope. She must expect that some future investigation might be looking for the envelope and anyone at 201 Poplar who might know about it.

In the meantime, there are some items in the record that provide clues about the other contents of “The Envelope”.

The Braswells’ Hobbies

The crux of the overcharge relates to evidence withheld by the prosecution during trial that showed the Braswells had engaged in consensual choking during kinky sex. If known, this would have made an accidental strangulation more likely, and intentional murder less likely. This might have resulted in sufficient doubt of the murder charge for Mr. Braswell to be acquitted or, at least, for the charge to be reduced to non-intentional manslaughter.

Braswell’s trial attorney, Javier Bailey, testified later, during a post evidentiary hearing, that multiple witnesses, including a Ms. Emallisha Monique Lane, stated that the Braswells had engaged in consensual kinky sex. Bailey apparently failed to use this because he was afraid of turning jurors against the defendant with the lurid details.

Vern Braswell

Sgt. William Merritt gave testimony during the post conviction review that he had asked witness Ms. Sharonda Smith if the Braswells had engaged in strangulation play, in a transcript which was forwarded to the Attorney General. Smith recounted that Sheila Braswell has said that Vern Braswell liked “rough sex” and anal sex, and has expressed a passing interest in S&M devices. When Merritt asked her about strangulation, she had no information.

The defense team later obtained Karen Taylor’s witness statement from the police, which also revealed a run-in Sheila Braswell had with a lady named Kristie Wood who was having an affair with Vern Braswell, and subsequent divorce moves. Ms Taylor also recounted a conversation with Sheila Braswell, where an unidentified woman friend of Vern’s had joined the couple for a threesome. The couple visited strip clubs on occasion.

This transcript (PDF) is from the 2017 Appeal, where Ms. Emallisha Monique Lane, on page 53 of the appeal report, testified that she had made a statement to police about encounters she had with the Braswells, over a two year period, in which the Braswells had engaged in consensual choking as a sexual act. Ms Lane was not sure when she gave her statement.

It appears, as the whistleblower implied, that there were more than the eleven pages she sent in the anonymous envelope.

The 2017 appeal report, which recounts (on page 18) the April 4th, 2011 meeting between defense counsel Taylor Eskridge and prosecutor Doug Caricker. Caricker testified that he found the sealed manila envelope with the sticky note initialed by Amy Weirich. He estimated the envelope was approximately a half inch thick, which, at the average thickness of 20-lb paper, would be about 125 pages.

Clearly, there was a lot more material in the fateful envelope than the whistleblower sent. From the known existence of police statements about the Braswells’ sexual proclivities and erotic choking in particular, and from the whistleblower’s letter, it is reasonable that a lot of the hidden material would have strengthened a defense of involuntary and accidental death.

A more detailed account is contained in How Courts Handled Evidence in a Black Man’s Trial and A White Judge’s Attitude Toward a Black Man in Court

Weirich’s Other Brady Violation

We previously wrote about Amy Weirich’s other Brady violations.

Nuora Jackson


Weirich had a private reprimand from the Board of Professional Responsibility in the case of Nuora Jackson, who was freed and . One of the two problems in the case was a Brady violation.

“Unfortunately, that was not the only misconduct that occurred during the case. Under the Fourteenth Amendment, the government has an ironclad duty to disclose exculpatory material – known as Brady evidence – to the defense prior to trial. Despite numerous defense requests for that material, the government withheld an inconsistent statement by its star witness which suggested that he had fabricated key pieces of his testimony – namely, his testimony placing Jackson at the crime scene during the time the murder occurred. This was particularly damaging given the witness’s status as an alternative suspect in the murder and the government’s lack of any direct evidence implicating Jackson.”From the Tennessee Supreme Court 11/6/2013 judgement (PDF),  page 41 “Defendant claims that the prosecution violated her constitutional right to Due Process, and in particular the principles announced in Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), by failing to provide to the defense Andrew Hammack’s third statement to the police until after the trial. The defense points out that, despite multiple and specific pre-trial requests for any statements Mr. Hammack had given the police, and a mid-trial request for Brady materials, the prosecution did not provide Mr. Hammack’s third statement until after the trial. The State concedes that the prosecution did not produce Mr. Hammack’s third statement in a timely manner”.

Any Weirich

“In December 2015, the Board of Professional Responsibility recommended [PDF] that the Tennessee Supreme Court issue a public censure against Weirich. The Tennessee Board of Professional Responsibility also filed a supplemental petition for discipline based on the Brady violation and Weirich’s failure to exercise appropriate diligence in reviewing statements and making disclosures to the defense team.  In March of this year, the Board dismissed the disciplinary petition and issued a private reprimand.











While the proceedings have been covered well by local media, one less-explored aspect of filings recently made available further reveals the depths to which Ms. Weirich is willing to stoop to avoid accountability. She responded to the Board’s initial petition for discipline by filing a motion for summary judgment in the hopes of having the petition dismissed without a hearing. The basis for the motion? Ms. Weirich essentially claims that the Board’s allegations have no merit because the judges who have reviewed the underlying criminal case never reported her. That’s right. Because state judges evidently failed to comply with their own code of conduct, Weirich reasons that she should be let off the hook.





Marvell Locke’s Death

Marvell Locke (59) died at the hands of Circle K store clerk Nicholas Vitatoe, on May 19th, 2020.

Marvell Locke

As reported by Action News 5 later in 2020, Marvell Locke is seen on security video as he approached a clerk at the Circle K located at 8971 US 64 on May 19th, around 1:30 AM. He asked the clerk, Nicholas Vitatoe, if he could clean the lot. Marvell Locke occasionally made a few bucks from local businesses doing odd jobs.

Mr Vitatoe tells Mr. Locke to leave, then calls the police and texts his manager. At some point, Mr Locke exits to the parking lot. Mr Vitatoe then says he will not wait for police and will take care of this himself. Mr Vitatoe exits the store and out of camera view. A shot is heard, and Mr. Vitatoe re-enters the store and places a black handgun on the counter.

Nicholas Vitatoe

Responding police found Mr Locke’s body DOA in the parking lot and arrested Nicholas Vitatoe, charging him initially with involuntary manslaughter. He was taken to 201 Poplar and immediately released on his own recognisance.

Mr Vitatoe was indicted on June 3, 2021 for second degree murder, and, on March 22, 2022, he entered a guilty plea to that charge. He has not yet been sentenced as of June 7 2022.

Family sues

On September 3, 2020, the estate of Marvell Locke filed a wrongful death suit (PDF) against Nicholas Vitatoe, Circle K and others seeking damages. This case is still in progress, and attorney Howard Manis of the Cochran firm declined to comment on June 7 2022.

Authorization of Agency

Excerpt from the MPD affidavit of complaint for Nicholas Vitatoe.

The above is the affidavit of complaint filed against Vitatoe by MPD on May 19th 2020, showing the original involuntary manslaughter charge.
The affidavit mentions that there was an Authorization of Agency (AoA) in force for Marvell Locke at the Circle K premises. The AoA was also mentioned in this News 3 article which was likely informed by the affidavit.
In fact, there is no AoA filed against Marvell Locke for the Circle K.

Our AoA database.

We have created an Authorization of Agency database. This spreadsheet (XLSX) contains indexed AoAs from late 2016 to July 2019. This Zip file has the raw AoA data from July 2019 to February 2020, and this Zip file has the raw AoA data from February to August 2020, as received from MPD via FOIA.
The AoA for Circle K mentioned in the Nicholas Vitatoe affidavit of complaint does not exist in the FOIA data.

Marvell Locke’s Only AoA

Marvell Locke’s only Authorization of Agency

The above is Marvell’s only AoA in the database. It was created in March, 2019 for the Best Western Hotel in the same area as the Circle K and other businesses mentioned. The misspelling of Marvell’s given name as Marvel is common in the police and court documents.

Marvell Locke’s record.

.Police allege in sworn court affidavits and an arrest citation that Marvell Locke had AoAs at Kroger Gas, 9027 US 64, Kroger store at 9025 US 64 and Pizza Hut 8979 US 64. The only AoA on file is for the Best Western Hotel at 8635 US 64. Incidentally, the Pizza Hut is in the same block as the Circle K.

It is easy for police to commit this type of AoA fraud. When the DA’s office sends supporting documents to a Public Defender, they are reduced in size and presented four to a page. With the handwritten scrawl that AoAs are rendered with, it is impossible to make out the detail on an AoA. We have other examples of police substituting AoAs for defendants.

This can be a critical factor in obtaining a trespass conviction and getting longer sentences. For many, an AoA is an entry point to the criminal justice system.

Why did cops target Locke?

While being arrested on 11/14/2019 police allege in yet another affidavit of complaint that Marvell Lock, from the back of Adam Durham’s cruiser, spat in the cop’s eye. Police have a HIV protocol when that happens.

This article, from Law Enforcement Today gives the police viewpoint. They list dozens of Marvell Locke’s infractions and seem to imply that Mr Locke is a career criminal and a fair target for summary execution. It is clear that the police had spoken with local business owners about Mr Locke, including a visit to the Circle K a few days previously. It is easy to think that Nicholas Vitatoe had imagined that the police would not care if he slaughtered Marvell Locke. The police undercharge and his release with no bond did show extreme leniency by the police, and if George Floyd had not been murdered that summer, Mr Vitatoe might be a free man today.

MPD AoA regulations/UPSSOP

We obtained MPD’s Uniform Patrol Station Standard Operating Procedure via FOIA and analyzed those regulations in our blog.

AoA (the police version, there’s also a separate version of AoA at the DA’s office) purports to authorize police to arrest a specified person for trespass without the due process of the Tennessee trespass law, that requires a defendant to be informed he is trespassing and given an opportunity to depart. As such, it is a fast-track to a trespass conviction. Read more about AoA.

The master database is filed in each precinct in its original handwritten form. The procedure is that the property representative informs the subject that she is barred from the premises and will be arrested for trespass on sight. The complainant and the police go to the station where the cop signs to assert that the subject has been informed and that he is witnessing the complainant’s signature.

We audited over 2300 AoA forms and found that 93% of them were invalid because this procedure and other UPSSOP requirements were not followed.

AoA abuses

  • We have seen where MPD substituted the single Best Western AoA against Marvell Locke in three other cases. We have seen other cases like this.
  • In our recent FOIAs, we found three AoAs on file at Appling station, the precinct covering Marvell Locke’s various police dramas. These AoAs were signed by police and the defendant was left blank. Presumably these were intended to be distributed to business owners, who could sign over the existing police witness’ signature. This would be a clear case of fraud. Incidentally, we have a proven case where this writer’s name was added to an AoA at the Zoo over a several months old police signature. The lack of a proper system, controls and auditing of the AoA apparatus and its previous secrecy makes it prime for abuse.
  • We have an eyewitness account from an employee at the now-closed Cordova Animal Clinic, formerly at Fischer Steele Rd in the Appling precinct. When the owner complained to the police about a person of concern (not Marvell Locke), a police came, signed an AoA form and told the veterinarian to hang it in the office. This was not a valid AoA because the offender was not notified, the vet did not come to the station, and our database shows that no AoA was filed for the clinic. It is possible that this deficient procedure was used for the missing Marvell Locke AoAs.

Marvell Locke police victim.

Marvell was a poor Black man who was, according to his attorney Howard Manis and his relatives, mentally ill. He had certainly been a problem for local police and business owners, and is easily cast in the role of usual suspect.
Above all, he was the victim of evidence tampering by the police, in his previous prosecutions. He did time as a result of several November 2019 prosecutions. He was often a rambunctious presence in many local businesses.

Above all, the tragic case of Marvell Locke shows that the police are not equipped to deal with severely mentally ill people.

MPD’s Uniform Patrol Station SOP

Recently we got documents from Memphis Police Department using “Authorization of Agency” as a search key, and we obtained an excerpt of MPD’s “Uniform Patrol Station Standard Operating Procedure”.    The extract was very helpful as it outlined the procedures for Authorization of Agency, which we wrote up in our blog.

Continue reading “MPD’s Uniform Patrol Station SOP”

MPD Authorization of Agency Regulations

Authorization of Agency (AoA) is a pair of processes at Memphis Police Department and the DA’s office, which are designed to circumvent provisions in the Tennessee criminal trespass law, TCA § 39-14-405.  AoA is designed to enhance public safety by controlling unwanted citizens who access private business property.

a_list
An Authorization of Agency form MPD AA 0306, part of the City Blacklist as received by the Media via FOIA.

We have written extensively about one AoA process, the MPD’s form AA 0306, which is summarized in the most recent blog.   We provide links to our blogs and other documents at the end of this piece.  We have not previously written about the second process, which is based on signage located mostly in apartment complexes, but we describe the second process here.

We recently discovered, via Open Records Request, the regulatory device used by MPD for AoA.   It is section 52 of the Uniform Patrol Station Standard Operating Procedure, page 35.  

Uniform Patrol Station SOP AoA Regulations

We provide the text of the FOIA we received from MPD below, with section headers inserted by us.  It is the Uniform Patrol Station Standard Operating Procedure.

AoA UPSSOP Section 1: Definition of AoA

SOP_1

AoA UPSSOP Section 2: Advising the Target of AoA

SOP_2

POPO_GRAPHIC
Graphic: Pixabay.com

AoA UPSSOP Section 3: LEO Witness and Complainant signature

SOP_3

AoA UPSSOP Section 4:  Filing of AoA

sop_4.png

AoA UPSSOP Section 5: AoA Verification for Arrest

 

SOP_5

TakeEmDown901-Protest-Toned-0011

AoA UPSSOP Section 6: Arrests and File maintenance

SOP_6

AoA UPSSOP Section 7: Appendices, omitted from FOIA.

SOP_7

About the AoA SOP.

We see numerous problems with the current implementation of AoA.  As examples, section 1 confines AoA complainants to businesses only, and there were 112 AoAs (6.6%) for residence owners who were private individuals in our 2018 FOIA.

In section 2, the business owner must advise the AoA target, in the presence of an MPD witness, of the imposition of AoA.   There is one alternative procedure provided involving the posting of a notarized affidavit.   We received notification, in response to a FOIA request, that there are no such affidavits on file at MPD.

In Section 3, the business owner and the witnessing officer must sign and complete the AoA form at the local police station.  The combination of sections 2 and 3 require one three-way meeting which must include the AoA target, which can be anywhere but is assumed to be at the alleged trespass location, and a second meeting and filing which must include the complainant and the original witnessing police officer, and must take place at the local MPD precinct.

We have an email from MPD Colonel Worthy, commander of Ridgeway precinct, emphasizing this inflexible procedure.

“Sir, you will have to give the a verbal order to the individual to not be on the property in the presence of an officer. Then we can fill out the form. You have to have the name of the officer and his IBM number. Then the form is to be completed at the station. If the form is completed before that step it is not valid…”

Of the 45 cases we have sampled, this procedure was not followed in a single instance.   We are following up on interviewing additional AoA targeted individuals.

Section 3 also lists a number of data points which must be on the AoA.   The majority of the 2,200 AoAs we have seen do not have all these data points, or the officers IBM# as required in the Colonel’s email.

The SOP contains numerous other requirements which are not followed, among them the requirement for annual purging of year-old AoAs.   When we obtained 1677 AoAs via FOIA in mid-2018 with readable dates, 358 of them (6.6%) were dated 2016 or earlier and must have been more than a year old, and the 584 FOIAs for 2017 looked like the entire year’s worth of FOIAs.

We also have an email interchange between an attorney for an AoA targetted individual, from February 2017, who had to escalate to Bruce McMullen, City Attorney and City PR Ursula Madden in order to get an erroneous AoA removed.   The procedure in the UPSSOP for correcting erroneous AoAs was apparently not applied or did not work, possibly because no-one was aware the procedure existed.  This AoA target had to pay an attorney for redress, something not available to everyone.

In summary, it looks like the majority of AoAs on file are invalid because of defective procedures, and we would not be surprised if every AoA on file is defective in some way.

The other type of Authorization of Agency

Anti-Trespass-photo
Authorization of Agency No-Trespass Notice.  Photo Shelby Co. DA.

The MPD AoA form AA0306 is clearly labeled Authorization of Agency and this matches the verbiage in the UPSSOP.   The DA’s office frequently refers to another AoA mechanism.   This is manifested in the form of signs frequently posted in apartment complexes, which state that the property is posted against trespass by anyone who is not a tenant or their guest. Here’s a Youtube video of Amy Weirich (2:46 minutes) describing these signs as AoA and conflating with the AA0306 forms.

These signs purport to allow the police to arrest an alleged offender without the notice required in the Tennessee criminal trespass law, TCA § 39-14-405.

In order for a premises to be posted under TCA § 39-14-405, the property must be entered in the No Trespass Public Notice List at the Tennessee Secretary of State.  We have viewed this page repeatedly between 2017 and the date of writing, 12/1/2019, and have never seen a Memphis address posted in this database.  Therefore we assume that all these AoA no trespass signs contravene the State trespass law and are invalid.

We have not yet received data on the use of both flavors of AoA in actual trespass arrests, but we are told, anecdotally, that hundreds of such arrests have been seen, and will post that information when we receive it.

Why was AoA under the radar for ten years?

watchmen_still
Secret police processes, The Watchmen.  Photo: Tvseriesfinale.com

We could find no public mention of AoA between 2007, when a blogger mentioned it, to 2017 when our FOIA produced the City blacklist, including 43 people on AoAs.   We believe, anecdotally, that hundreds of trespass arrests were made, using both forms of AoA.

Only a small population knew about AoA, the AoA complainants, people to whom AoA had been marketed as possible complainants, some of the AoA targets, some MPD police, of which less than 10% actually created AoA forms, prosecutors and public defenders.

When you have secret police processes, you get secret police.

Public Defenders and AoA.

There are about 45 politically targeted individuals, who generally had private attorneys when they interacted with the criminal justice system.

All other instances of arrest for trespass with either flavor of AoA that we know of went through the Public Defender’s office.    Sadly, the combined actions of the DA’s office and MPD have severely hampered the PD’s ability to defend AoA arrests.

PD’s workflow for AoA arrests.

Bear with us as we outline the PD’s workflow.   When a person is arrested for criminal trespass, they are brought to 201 Poplar or Jail East and booked.   Some time afterwards, during bankers’ hours, the defendant will be arraigned.  At that time, if the defendant does not have funds for a lawyer, a public defender is appointed.   The PD receives the jacket, containing various documents, including an affidavit of complaint and an arrest ticket from MPD, a bond recommendation, criminal history and others.

At this point, the PD may see a small photograph of the AoA document on the affidavit of complaint, which is reproduced at quarter size and can’t be read.   So the PD knows there’s an AoA or a posted location but can’t see details.  In order to get the AoA form, the PD would have to walk the couple of blocks to MPD HQ at 170 N. Main, go through security and wait at the public records counter on the 7th floor.   PDs, who often have up to thirty cases per day, are limited to three police records per day.  Restrictions on the data practically available to PDs has been progressively tightened over the years, not least when the MPD records counter moved from 201 Poplar to North Main.

If the PD is to take 45 minutes from their busy schedule, they’ll probably wait until the end of the day and do all the day’s AoAs together.   There is not enough time in the day to get MPD records for every case.   In most cases, as the defendant probably needs to be released to get to work, cases are settled for time served awaiting trial before the end of the day.   First time defendants often accept a misdemeanor record to get back to their daily schedule.   This is a problem if they get arrested again, as the trespass offense is taken into account when bail, diversion and sentence recommendations are decided.   This is a slippery slope into a possible criminal career.  AoA is a gateway into mass incarceration for many.

Hopefully PDs can use some of the information here to question the imposition of AoA in more cases.   In the meantime, considering the workload on PDs, it is not surprising that they did not investigate and publicize the nature of AoA while it was under the radar.

Our current interest in AoA stemmed from its use in the City blacklist and the information we developed required hundreds of hours of research.   Without the publicity generated by the Blacklist and the ensuing ACLU court case, the public might still be in the dark about AoA.

Summary

AoA has been an almost secret police process at MPD and the DA’s office since at least 2007.   It has the appearance of having been heavily marketed by various public safety interests in the interim, resulting in heavy usage.

The availability of this secret tool was apparently attractive to the City, MPD and the Zoo when they desired to punish and harass political activists, after which law enforcement lost the advantage of this secret police process.

We believe that the 2,200 AoA targets include about 45 political actors and over 2,100 regular folks, who generally have been unable to mount a criminal defense against the numerous irregularities we outline here.

We are appending a links section as a resource.   Anybody who is on an AoA, who has been notified they are not allowed at a certain location, or who has been arrested for criminal trespass where “authorization of agency”, AoA, no trespass signage, or “being on a list” should contact us.    We will share your information with some attorneys we are working with, but with otherwise keep your information completely confidential and protected.   You can also use our confidential contact option if you have AoA information but wish to be anonymous.

AoA Resource Links

All the information here is publicly available.

On our FTP server.

http://www.fnolan.com/A/A-List.pdf:  A-list containing FOIA with, 43 political AoAs.

http://www.fnolan.com/AOA/files/AoA_analysis_spreadsheet_links_20180911_v02.xlsx:  Indexed spreadsheet with about 1700 AoAs.

http://www.fnolan.com/AOA/ Directory listing for the raw files in the above spreadsheet.

http://www.fnolan.com/AO2/Publ_AoAs_20191010.xlsx:  Indexed spreadsheet with 473 additional AoAs received in 2019

http://www.fnolan.com/AO2/ Directory listing for the raw files in the above spreadsheet.

Lagniappe

Finally, Shelby Co. Sheriff’s Office has announced it will shortly be starting its own AoA process.

Blogs.

Some of the information in the earlier blogs is inaccurate and was corrected in later blogs.  E.g. I wrote that there was no MPD P&P for AoA in 2018, now we know from the current article that it is covered in UPSSOP.

https://memphistruth.org/2019/10/11/authorization-of-agency-update/ Blog about the recent 473 AoAs obtained in 2019.

https://memphistruth.org/2018/09/06/authorization-of-agency-mpd-invention/ Blog with the 1690+ AoAs obtained in the 2018 FOIA.

https://memphistruth.org/2018/09/11/authorization-of-agency-initial-analysis/ Additional analysis of the 2018 FOIA.

https://memphistruth.org/2018/02/26/blacklists-from-a-to-z-new-zoo-z-list/  Hunter Demster and Fergus Nolan receive an AoA at the Zoo.

https://memphistruth.org/2019/07/30/dan-rosson-placed-on-aoa-by-city/  Dan Rosson, animal rights activist, placed on AoA at Memphis Animal Shelter.

https://memphistruth.org/2019/07/26/rodney-fisher-fired-by-mpd-via-aoa/ Rodney Fisher takes video of ab MPD cop informing him he is on an AoA at his job at NIKE.

https://www.facebook.com/100005058287008/videos/1256158231229441/  Rodney’s video.

https://memphistruth.org/2017/02/08/mpd-has-activist-list/  A-list breaking news with 43 political AoAs.

http://www.paulryburn.com/blog/2007/07/18/authorization-of-agency/  2007 first public AoA mention by blogger Paul Ryburn in 2007.

Other

Various public sites and reference material

TCA 39-14-405:  Tennessee Criminal Trespass Law

No Trespass Public Notice List at Tennessee Secretary of State

MPD Policy and Procedures Manual

DA’s Anti-Trespassing Program

Safeways Apartment AoA scheme.

IMG920160530_120908

— concluded —

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MultiAgency Gang Unit (MGU)

The Multi-Agency Gang Unit (MGU) is a mysterious multi-disciplinary police and prosecutor unit sponsored by the Shelby County (State District 30) District Attorney.
Click here for a PDF download of the above link.

gang_unit_patchAccording to the DA’s website, MGU was started in 2011 and absorbed the Crime Strategies Prosecution Unit (CSPU), “incorporating and expanding the work of the Organized Crime Unit, Project Safe Neighborhood/Gundone, GunStat, the Safe Streets Task Force and the Violent Crime Unit”.  It was formerly known as the DA’s Multi-Agency Gang Prosecution Unit, originally formed in 1996 as the Gang & Narcotics Prosecution Unit.  Sorry about the aphabet soup, it is a direct quote from the DA’s page.

The MGU’s operating manifesto in contained in their Memorandum of Understanding signed in July 2012.  An updated MOU was signed on September 12th 2016, but we have been unable to get a copy of the most recent MOU to date.  We’d also like to see the minutes of recent quarterly MGU Board of Directors meetings.

“The MGU is a joint effort of six (6) primary law enforcement agencies:

  • The United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee
  • The Federal Bureau of Investigation
  • The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
  • The Shelby County District Attorney General’s Office
  • The Shelby County Sheriff’s Office
  • The Memphis Police Department”

On the streets, MGU operatives often wear black BDU trousers, dark t-shirts with ballistic jackets, their personal choice of shoes, and an MGU patch.   MPD members of MGU also have an MPD shield on the front of their vests, and drive characteristic white Dodge Chargers with police equipment but no livery.   A small number of MGU operatives have no MPD shield and drive black or white SUVs with police equipment, and these are thought to be mostly sheriffs deputies, though some may be from Federal or State LE agencies.  MGU headcount was recently quoted as 26 MPD officers and 21 SCSD deputies.

There is a related group known as the Organized Crime Unit.  OCU’s chain of command is within MPD, but OCU works closely with MGU and other law enforcement agencies.   OCU officers often wear civilian clothing and drive confiscated civilian cars.    We take up the issue of MGU’s and OCU’s command structure later.

On the streets, when MGU and OCU operatives appear together in paramilitary uniforms, the main visual difference is that the OCU operatives wear their MPD shields in the same way they are worn while in plain clothes, sometimes on chains or lanyards around their necks and sometimes clipped to random spots on their ballistic jackets.  The OCU ballistic vests tend to be more advanced plate carriers with steel or ceramic inserts fitted with tactical AR-15 magazine pouches, rather than the less-capable Kevlar worn by most MGU operatives.    MGU operatives usually have their shields and MGU patches affixed to chest and belly area of their ballistic jackets.    We have clocked regular MGU and OCU officers working together under the same command on various occasions.

MGU’s Role

The DA says that the role of MGU is totally gang-related including  investigation of gang leaders and hard core members.  “As a specialized unit, the MGU uses various investigative techniques and methods to conduct long term investigations.”   The MOU (Memorandum of Understanding) lists seven specific areas of operation, and all of there are gang-related.   There is no provision in the 2012 version of the MOU for political policing or protest-related operations.

One of the less publicized roles of MGU is to maintain a database of alleged gang members, who are not necessarily convicted of crimes.   “On September 23, 2013, MGU successfully petitioned Shelby County General Sessions Court obtaining the first ever gang injunction.”  This legal tool purportedly bans suspected gang members from being at designated locations.      This database is thought to include 1,700 names.

Expansion of MGU and OCU’s political role.

160710_TN_BLM_MARCH_ONLINE_0019
Cops at the Bridge, 7/10/2016 photo: Commercial Appeal

The earliest appearance of MGU / OCU at political events was probably the Black Lives Matter protest on Hernando de Soto Bridge on July 10th, 2016.   In the Commercial Appeal photo to the left, the helmeted policeman in the left of the photo has an MGU patch on his chest, while the officer second from left has the OCU favored style of ballistic vest.

A previous major protest, the Greensward sit-down of May 30th, 2016, did not have any recognizable MGU or OCU officers present.  We are not sure if OCU or MGU operatives were at the two Graceland protests in the summer of 2016.

The Bridge protest was near the one-year anniversary of Darrius Stewart’s death at the hands of MPD cop Connor Schilling and was accompanied by a lot of chatter from the Fusion Centers.

valero_OCU
OCU, MGU and regular MPD police at Valero, Jan 16th 2019.  Photo: The Commercial Appeal

In 2017, we noticed MGU appearing at numerous political events.   On January 16th 2017, Martin Luther King Day, MGU and OCU police made arrests during a protest at Valero oil refinery, and those arrested were added to the City blacklist.

IMG_3326
MGU operative and unmarked cruiser at Immigration March, 5/1/2017.  Photo: Nolan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

On Mayday, 2017, operatives with MGU belly patches performed traffic duties at the Immigration March.   See photo at right.

On April 3rd, 2018, MGU and OCU officers appeared at the 201 Poplar stop of the “Rolling Block Party”. On-scene commanders designated protest leaders for arrest, and several were arrested in snatch squad operations, including journalist Manuel Duran who is thought to have been fingered by ICE for arrest.   Most of the officers were wearing MPD shields but none had body cameras as required by MPD regulations.  The officer who arrested Manuel Duran described himself as OCU on the arrest affidavit, and several of the operatives were wearing MGU patches.   There was also an SUV with an MGU decal present, which is considered unusual as most MGU vehicles are unmarked but with obvious police equipment.

mlk50_popo
MGU and OCU operatives on Poplar, April 3rd, 2018 prior to making arrests.  Photo:  Moore Media.

TakeEmDown901-Protest-Toned-0011
MGU and OCU operatives with a variety of police shields arrest a #TakEmDwn901 protester on 8/18/17 Photo: Commercial Appeal

MGU and OCU officers, including at least one OCU operative, undercover in plain clothes, were seen at TakeEmDown901 protests in 2017 and 2018 and participated in arrests.

 

On the evening of Friday 6th July, 2018, Keedran Franklin was arrested by Organized Crime Unit detectives.

barbara_buress_arrests
Barbara Buress is chased by MGU operatives, recognizable by their non-regulation footwear, 9/19/2018.  Photo:  Commercial Appeal

On September 19th, 2018, the day after Martavious Banks was critically wounded by MPD police, MGU operatives arrested most of the six people charged.   The arresting officers identified themselves as “Task Force” in court.   One protester, Hunter Demster, was pointed out for “snatch squad” style arrest by a scene commander.

 

 

The foregoing proves that MGU and OCU have been increasingly involved in aggressive policing of protests and planned snatch squad arrests.

201 april 3 2018 cops film citizens.png
April 3rd 2018: two MGU cops photograph protesters in front of 201 Poplar.  Photo: Moore Media

Photographing participants are political events is forbidden by the Consent Decree and in MPD policies and procedures manual.  MPD claims they don’t work with ICE, but apparently MGU does.  Daniel Connolly of the Commercial Appeal documents an MGU operative who identified himself as an ICE officer.  MGU is also a means for MPD to deceive the public on its policies.  In this 2017 Channel 5 article, Mike Rallings claims that they don’t work with ICE except when called to an incident.    MPD and ICE operatives were operating jointly in MGU at the time Rallings made this statement.

Personnel

MGU is headed by Amy Weirich in her capacity as MGU Board of Directors Chair, and she is addressed and referred to as General Weirich in MGU documents.   This suggests that the MPD officers in MGU are outside the MPD chain of command.

The Board also includes ex-officio the heads of the six agencies listed in the MOU.

MGU Operational Commander is MPD Major Darren M. Goods, who earns over $81K.

Other identified MGU members include: ATF SAC Chris Rogers, MPD’s Detective Dennis Evans Jr. ($60K), SCSO Detective David McGriff Jr., ADA Chris Scruggs,  Detective A. Taylor,  MPD Lieut.  Michael Juan Rosario ($71K), MPD Sgt. Mahajj Abdul-Baaqee ($65K), MPD Clarence Muhammad ($60K), MPD Sgt.  Brian Alan Beasley (65K), Det. Doty, Det. Fernandez, Det. Stewart, ADA Paul Hagerman, Amy Weirich’s deputy,  David Biggers Jr. of the Tenn. Western District federal prosecutors office,  D. Michael Dunavant (US Prosecutor), Ed Stanton Jr (clocked in 2016 when he was Federal Prosecutor and who has a conflict of interest in the current context),  Neal Oldham (US Prosecutor), ADA Colin Campbell and ADA Ray Lepone, who have been clocked at MGU functions in recent years.

According to the Sheriff’s Office, “MGU is led by Resident Agent in Charge Marcos Bess of the ATF along with Lieutenant Kenny Roberson of the Shelby County Sheriff’s Office and Major Darren Goods of the Memphis Police Department.”

Consent Decree Section I

I: Restriction on  Joint  Operations

The  defendants  and  the  City  of  Memphis  shall  not encourage,  cooperate  with,  delegate,  employ  or contract  with,  or  act  at  the  behest  of,  any  local,  state, federal  or  private  agency,  or  any  person,  to  plan  or conduct  any  investigation,  activity  or  conduct  prohibited  by  this  Decree.

On 11/13/2019, the Court issued two orders, one to release the transcript of the August 27, 2019 in-camera conference, and the second to deny the City’s motion to rescind some of the restrictions in Section I.  The actual transcript has not been released on PACER, the Federal Court docket system, as of the time of writing.   These orders are taken as the Court’s re-affirmation of Section I and the Consent Decree as a whole.

The MGU has its own database, independent of MPD’s regular database.   This database has the capability of tracking political intel.   MGU operatives are instructed to create an index number for the MGU database and a separate number for their own agency database, for all reports.  MPD members, while seconded to the MGU, do not have to follow MPD’s body camera regulations and do not follow MPD’s regulations in regard to the Consent Decree.

The Marshall Project recently wrote about six local police departments, including Atlanta’s, which have pulled out of joint Task Forces, because the task forces are not bound by local police regulations.

MGU is secretive in nature and has sophisticated intelligence gathering tools and an independent database outside MPD’s control.  As long as MPD is part of the MGU/OCU it will be impossible to obtain or confirm compliance with the Consent Decree,  regulations on photographing police or other MPD rules.

Organized Crime Unit (OCU)

The MGU as previously described have an occluded chain of command.  In the MGU, officers report to General Amy Weirich through the MGU hierarchy, they are deputized to a Federal agency and they also report to their own agency.   FBI rules mandate that all task force members are deputized to a Federal agency specifically to comply with FBI rules forbidding body cams, and to avoid other local LE regulations, including consent decrees.

MGU’s headquarters is at 3657 Old Getwell.   They have also scheduled meetings at 994 South Bellevue, a mysterious industrial bunker-like building owned by the County.

OCU_cmdr_Worthy
Col. Marcus Worthy OCU

OCU, on the other hand, has a clear chain of command at MPD.   OCU is run by  Precinct Commander Colonel Marcus Worthy who reports to MPD Deputy Chief of Special Ops Michael Hardy.   The Special Ops division includes the TACT squad and the Real Time Crime Center.

According to the Sheriff’s Office, OCU is a part of MGU.

OCU’s headquarters is at 225 Channel 3 Drive, and, unlike MGU headquarters, the address is not secret.   They even publish their phone number:  (901) 528-2338.

According to local lore, OCU officers are bumped a rank on entry and there are no operational officers below the rank of sergeant.   Supervisory level OCU staff are lieutenants or above.

OCU has a siilar role at political events as MGU, and the two units have been observed to work closely together at political events.   In court, both OCU and MGU officers tend to give their unit as “Task Force”, which is vague.

 

“The Organized Crime Unit of the Memphis Police Department is assigned the primary responsibility for investigative and control of organized crime, vice, and  narcotics related offenses within the Department’s jurisdiction. The Unit is multi-faceted and actively participates in multijurisdictional task forces to coordinate the attack on illegal activities at the local, state, and federal levels.” (MPD 2014 Annual Report)

This statement is misleading.   OCU does not have primary responsibility for those areas due to the mission overlap with MGU.   OCU’s role on the MPD website does not include the policing of political events or the snatch-squad, politically directed, arrests of dissidents.  The multijurisdictional task force mention appears to include both their joint operations and integration with MGU and also working with Federal LE agencies, who routinely deputize local LE personnel for the reasons outlined above.

It is clear, like when MPD officers are deputized to the MGU, the role of OCU in MGU or any other task forces that include Federal deputization require them to ignore MPD regulations, including the Consent Decree where they conflict with Federal guidelines.

Conclusion

MPD cannot participate in MGU, under the leadership of General Weirich, and while deputized to Federal agencies, and be compliant with Section I.   Their recent history demonstrates frequent non-compliance with the Consent Decree.  General Weirich is a State employee and not subject to the Consent Decree.

OCU could come into compliance with Section I, because it has a clear chain of command within MPD, but only insofar as it does not engage in the MGU or any task force  which requires its members to be deputized to Federal agencies.    Its commanders and members need to be trained in how to comply with Section I of the Consent Decree and its other requirements.

The City will say that not being able to engage in task forces will cramp its style, but the Marshall report shows that six cities have managed to achieve this, and the sky did not fall.

To be continued.

MPD ignores Monitor, abuses woman

portrait2
Maureen Spain

Maureen Spain is a busy soccer mom and a nurse who finds time to engage in local issues.   We encountered Ms Spain several times before.   She was arrested at the Greensward on Memorial Day 2016, by Richard Rouse who was looking for brownie points for promotion to sergeant.   The day following her arrest, she was placed on an Authorization of Agency by the vengeful Zoo, even though she had not set foot on Zoo property that day. She took the case of her arrest to CLERB.

Ms Spain was recently detained, cuffed, physically abused and transported by cops who told her, during the abuse session, that they “love the Zoo”.    We have full details of this incident, but first some background.

Maureen_AoAWe previously documented the City’s use of AoA as a tool for political harassment.  Among the over 2100 MPD victims of this irregular procedure, we highlighted five AoAs which were clearly part of ongoing political harassment at MPD, continued brazenly even while the Court Monitor is examining such issues.   The most recent political AoA was Rodney Fisher’s from July 25th 2019, well after Monitor’s appointment.

* Author’s note:  I was arrested with Ms. Spain and am also named on the same AoAs as she.

Authorization of Agency as political harassment

Ms. Spain has the distinction of being on the first political AoA that we know about.  She was also on the AoA for the December 19th 2016 die-in protest at the Mayor’s house, which resulted in the City Blacklist.   More than forty people were on this AoA, even though it was well known that no more than a dozen people participated in the Die-In.   The majority of those blacklisted were there as political opponents of Mayor Strickland’s regime.    The abuse of AoAs continued with another Zoo AoA, Dan Rosson’s at Memphis Animal Shelter and the aforementioned Rodney Fisher AoA with video.

We have documented AoA as a means of harassing those suffering lack of housing and other disenfranchised citizens.   AoA remained unreported for at least ten years before its 2017 exposure with the City Blacklist.   AoA as a secret police weapon seemed ideal when the City was mulling retaliation against the Greensward prisoners, so it is not surprising that MPD would add it to its arsenal of unconstitutional attack tools.

AoA is not the only harassment method used by MPD.  Hunter Demster, Antonio Blair,  Keedran Franklin and many others have been surveilled or arrested in recent years.   Ms Spain herself, with numerous other activists, was featured in Joint Intelligence Bulletins as documented in the Kendrick trial documents.

Doc_A_p_186_Personalize
Joint Intelligence Bulletin from Kendrick trial documents.  The “reliable source” was Bob Smith

Ms Spain, whose most recent political involvement was “just a day in the park”, was dialed in to Detective Tim Reynold’s paranoid conspiracy theory centered on Saul Alinsky’s book.   This is part of a pattern of harassment which continued from May 2016 to August 2019,  even while the Court Monitor was watching.

 

August 30th 2019 at Paradiso Cinema

On August 30th, Maureen Spain organized a birthday outing for her son and some of his early teen friends.   She had a slight buzz on from a two glasses of wine earlier that day, and used a rideshare instead of driving to the Paradiso.   At the theater, after a discussion with staff over their policy of not allowing children access to the movie, security guard Ray Daughtry dialed 911 and at least seven MPD officers responded:  David Osborne, Martin Nolan, Lenette Otis, James Dolan, Chase Bates, Breana Johnson and Ryan Walker.   Osborne and Nolan identified themselves to Ms Spain and the others are listed in the 911 Call Log (PDF) of the event.   Audio of the 911 call is here. (WAV file).

According to the 911 log Ms Spain was detained at 8:28 PM, placed in custody at 8:51 PM, and she was transported at 9:25.   As Ms Spain was never arrested, she was detained, cuffed and locked in the back of a cruiser at the Paradiso for a total of 57 minutes, and a further thirteen minutes while being transported.  Normal police procedures require that detention at a location should be resolved within “about” 20 minutes, by release, transportation for further detention or arrest.

Ms Spain wrote a first-person account (PDF) of the incident.

Cuffed in the Cruiser.

Ms Spain was jumped by Malco Paradiso security guard Ray Daughtry, who detained her and handcuffed one wrist.  Officers Nolan and Osborne made the scene, placed handcuffs on Ms. Spain very tightly behind her back and sat her in the back of their cruiser.   MPD’s Peerless-brand police handcuffs have a pawl and ratchet mechanism which allows the cuffs to get tighter with movement, but never looser.   Being forced to sit on a pair of cuffs in an enclosed space in the back of a car is very uncomfortable, and every movement makes the cuffs tighter.   If the police are being nice, they can insert a key and lock the ratchet so that the cuffs stay in place and don’t get tighter.    These cops were not being nice that evening.

The two detaining officers videoed Ms Spain’s writhing in agony and made video of her through the opening in the partition.    At one point, one of the officers said that he “loved the zoo”, tying the incident to the MPD harassment of Ms Spain, which had been ongoing  for more than three years.   At another point, one of the officers offered to loosen her cuffs, but took them off and replaced them even tighter, savagely twisting them and her wrists.

During the 57 minutes of Ms. Spain’s torture, her son and his friends waited on the curb until one of the other parents came to pick them up, so the kids were forced to see their mother’s mistreatment.

Ms Spain Transported.

Maureen Spain was transported at 9:29 and arrived at the MMHI Crisis Center at 9.42.  The transporting officers were given as Lenette Otis, Chase Bates and James Dolan.  She was finally uncuffed at 9:52 and released from the Crisis Center after a couple of hours.    Although the 911 log ends with an indicated arrest, she was never charged in relation to the incident and no court records were filed.

As Ms Spain had previously been targeted as a political figure, the investigation was one likely to result in political intelligence being revealed, but we do not believe that the detaining officers had permission from the Police Director to conduct this investigation.

Maureen Spain’s injuries.

The above photos show bruising on Maureen Spain’s shoulder area and fingerprint bruises on her upper right arm, and her wrist swollen, welted, bruised and abraded by the handcuffs.  Photos taken Sept 1st 2019.

20190904_105054She also had a very large bruise on her upper arm, which came up later, this photo taken on Sept 4th.

Ms. Spain also suffered nerve damage to her hands and wrists.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

–concluded–

 

 

 

 

 

Authorization of Agency Update

We wrote about Authorization of Agency (AoA) last year, providing source data, collations and some analysis of almost 1,700 Authorization of Agency reports, obtained by public records request from Memphis Police Department (Est 1827).

We recently received another 473 AoA forms covering July 2018 to July 2019.   We collated the data in a spreadsheet, which is available on Google Docs, or downloadable as Open Office or MS Excel formats.   Each row of these files contain a link to a .PDF document containing a scanned copy of the original AoA and the page number to look in this .PDF.  The entire corpus may be downloaded here.

These data are provided for free under the GNU open source agreement.  Please let us know of any errors or bad links.

What is AoA?

Authorization of Agency is an off-the-books system carried in 3-ring binders in the cruisers attached to a given ward, as copies of the original form.   A ward is a subdivision of an MPD precinct.  It violates Tennessee trespass law, has no due process, entraps children as young as eleven, and is unsupported by MPD’s policy and procedures manual, the MPD Academy curriculum or the official computer systems at MPD.

Because the process is off the books, there are no systemic checks for typos, accuracy, completeness or readability.   All records are maintained in the original, handwritten state as photocopies or faxes.

We have found a mention of AoA as early as 2007.  Our original AoA report traces rapid increases in the use of AoA from around 2011, the start of Amy Weirich’s tenure at the DA’s office.  The use of AoA reached a peak of almost 600 in 2017 and has remained high since.     The rise, from just a few in 2011 to the 2017 high suggests that a marketing campaign, spearheaded by the Memphis Shelby Crime Commission and the DA’s office, was in place throughout Weirich’s time as prosecutor.

AoA as political weapon.

AoA, as an off-the-books system of sanctions, was used for years as a method of rousting “undesirables” from business premises.  As such, the poor and disenfranchised victims had little recourse.

MPD started using AoA as a political weapon when two Greensward protesters were secretly placed on an AoA by the Zoo in summer of 2016.

Then, following a “die-in” protest at the Mayor’s house, 43 politically active individuals were placed on an AoA, for an event which had at most a dozen attendees.   This was the basis of the City blacklist and subsequent Federal case.

Later, in 2017, an additional AoA at the Zoo listed two individuals and resulted in a confrontation with police, but no arrests.   Neither of the two Zoo AoAs were notified to the listed individuals, in violation of the procedure specified on the AoA form.   In addition, a forgery was committed as proven by a form which had a second subject added over the same signature.   This addition of subjects happened in several AoAs in the 2018 corpus.

In 2019, an animal welfare activist, Dan Rosson, was placed on an AoA after incurring the wrath of City COO, Doug McGowan and officials at the Animal Shelter.

Later, in the summer of 2019, industrial activist Rodney Fisher, was functionally fired from his contract logistics job by an MPD officer sent to his house.  Fisher captured video of the event, implicating a senior MPD officer in the process.

With the addition of two new politically-motivated AoAs in 2019, a clear pattern of the abuse of this off-the-books system as reprisals for political actions emerges.

First look at the AoAs.

MPD have started writing a new version of the AoA form, still titled AA0306, but containing much more data and appearing to be the result of a booking-style process, with fingerprints and photographs.   We saw one outlier in April and several starting in June 2019.

sample_new_aoa_redactedAs you can see from the sample pictured, which is redacted, the new form records police report and booking numbers, drivers license, address, date of birth.  Before, it was just name and physical characteristics.

This form has the appearance of something that was produced by a booking process.  The legality of police fingerprinting and photographing a person who is not being booked for a crime is questionable, and holding sensitive information in a file which is public record may also be a HIPPA issue.

We redacted personally identifying information for this illustration, although that information is in the database as released by MPD as public records.

Race Analysis

MPD categorizes everyone by race.  Only eleven AoAs, less than three percent of the total, did not track the subject by race.
race_pie_chart

So we went ahead and graphed it.  83% of respondents were African American, two percent fewer than the 2018 report.

Whites represented 14% of the total, up two percent from last time.

There were a total of 12 Asian, LatinX and Other individuals.

In view of the over-representation of African Americans in the AoAs, this may provide evidence of MPD’s racial profiling.

Age

We noticed an individual as young as eleven years of age on an AoA in the 2018 report, so this time we collected age, where it was given in the AoA.  This time, the youngest were two individuals aged 13, two more aged 14, eleven aged 15, fourteen aged 16 and nineteen aged 17.   These 48 individuals were too young to be charged with a crime, and a quasi criminal process like AoA may not be appropriate for juveniles.

Age was not given in 23 cases.   The oldest was one individual aged 78, there were five people over seventy and seventeen in their sixties.

AoAs by Officer

Some were curious about the distribution of AoAs by officer.  We found that the 473 AoAs were distributed by 220 officers, including three postal police, so a little more than 10% of cops use AoAs.   Seventeen AoAs had no police signature, in violation of the procedure outlined on the form itself.

The 49 most prolific officers wrote three or more AoAs for a total of 231, roughly half the total number.  Officer M. Lester wrote eleven, followed by J Holmes with ten, and the leading 17 cops with six or more AoAs wrote a total of  123, more than a quarter of the total.

AoAs as reprisal, harassment or punishment

We wrote in 2018 how the Mayor placed 43 individuals on an AoA for his property in retaliation for a “die-in” protest in which no more than a dozen people participated.  Lieut Bonner of the City Hall detail added a stricture that the “A-list” people were to be escorted while in City Hall.   The rest is history.

We also documented the existence of two AoAs at the Zoo, with Maureen Spain and Fergus Nolan being banned from this public facility a couple of days after their May 2016 arrest at the zoo, against whom no crime was committed.   An additional AoA was issued for Fergus Nolan and Hunter Demster at the Zoo in 2017 on another occasion where no crime was charged.   On these two occasions, the police used the AoA as a political weapon on behalf of themselves or others.   (Author’s note:  I was on all three of the AoAs mentioned above. )

In our new dataset, we include two AoAs of which we had written before:

Dan Rosson was targeted by City Chief Operating Officer Doug McGowan and other city and Memphis Animal Services officials after he blew the whistle on conditions at the Pound.  His AoA is page 1 of this file. (PDF).

Rodney Fisher was discussing conditions for contract workers at a logistics warehouse when he was  informed by a cop who came to his house that he was effectively fired via AoA.  His is on page 3 of this file. (PDF).   There is video of the event as captured by Mr. Fisher on his doorstep.

It seems that MPD has a pattern of harassing not only generally disadvantaged individuals with AoA, but there is also a pattern of AoA use by police as a reprisal for political action and views of which they disapprove, and this is tied in to the keeping of files and social media snooping on activists.

Data description

#: is an arbitrary number
Business: Name of the business
Street#, Street: as labeled
Business Catg:  Type of business
Surname, First Name: as labeled
Race:  As described by MPD
Date:  Date of AoA as signed by police
Source file See Page:  Clickable link to the .PDF scan of the AoA
# Pages:  Number of AoA pages in the source file
Page:  The page number of this AoA in the file
Note: There is additional information on the AoA.   This and the following fields are newly added since the 2008 version of the spreadsheet
Count:  it is always 1
Station:   MPD station originating the AoA
Ward:  A ward is a subdivision of a police precinct.  We captured it when available
Officer:  Name and IBM# of the cop who witnesses the AoA, when decipherable
Age: Age of the AoA recipient.

–concluded–

 

Sawyer and the SCSD Armored Truck

Nashville_Bearcat
A LENCO Bearcat owned by Nashville Metro Police SWAT team (Wikipedia)

Tami Sawyer, in her Shelby County Commission role, moved two motions on December 3rd, 2018, to secure a Lenco Bearcat armored truck for the Shelby County sheriff’s department.

We received the following documents from the County via Open Records request.

Motion moved by Tami Sawyer (PDF) to accept $196,038 from FEMA towards the purchase of the armored vehicle.

Motion moved by Tami Sawyer (PDF) to spend $261,384 on the LENCO. This includes the FEMA grant above and an additional $65,346 in taxpayer funds.

 

County Mayor Lee Harris signed off (PDF) on this purchase on December 10th.

MPD Armored Vehicles.

The County has no armored vehicles.   MPD has two, a Bear, also made by LENCO, owned by the TACT unit and a military surplus MRAP.  We were able to find only one incident where the MRAP was used for a forcible entry.   The TACT team prefers to use a dark green walk-thru van for forcible entries.

All other deployments of MPD armored vehicles have been for the intimidation of protesters, twice at Gracelend in Summer of 2016, at least once in 2017 against #TakEmDown protesters, and three times at Overton Park in April and May of 2016.

Ferguson, BLM and the use of armored vehicles.

The events of 2014 in Ferguson, following the police killing of Michael Brown, featured police armored vehicles and advanced weapons.   This stirred reaction, from groups including Black Lives Matter and ACLU, about the abuse of armored vehicles.

As Wikipedia relates: “In a 2013 piece in the newsletter of the DOJ’s Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), COPS Senior Policy Analyst Karl Bickel warned that police militarization could seriously impair community-oriented policing. Bickel wrote that accelerating militarization was likely to alienate police relationship with the community, and pointed to a variety of factors that contribute to militarization…”.

In other words, even the police themselves claim that the militarization of police is the exact opposite to community policing.   And a rejection of police militarization is almost universal among supporters of ACLU and BLM, who form a large part of Tami Sawyer’s #TakeEmDown901 base.

Community Policing

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Tami Sawyer (Photo:  The Commercial Appeal).

In Tami Sawyer’s platform, “Tami’s Criminal Justice Priorities:

  • Hire a trauma-informed Memphis Police Director, with the people of Memphis’s input, who a) has a track-record of implementing community policing tactics,…”.

This position is what is expected from someone who led an August 2017 protest at Health Sciences Park in which police attacked a peaceful protest and arrested several of her supporters.   Tami was also one of the first activists “friended”  by “Bob Smith” aka Sgt. Tim Reynolds as early as the summer of 2015.   This was documented in the 2018 “Kendrick” case which the ACLU won against the City.  Tami Sawyer should know about militarized policing from her direct experience.

Tami’s vote to increase the militarization of the Sheriff’s Department to the next level is the exact opposite of what she said about policing over the years.  Militarization of SCSD is also the exact, polar opposite of her Mayoral community policing platform.

Conclusion

Tami Sawyer transitioned from police prey to pro-police predator in the space of three months from taking office on the County Commission.  The cognitive dissonance is acute.

Her support of SCSD militarization is a slap in the face to her core supporters.

— concluded —

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019 Council Candidates Scored

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Paige Walkup, Gene Bryan, Mae Bennett (formerly Yearwood), Brian Stephens and Mary Joseph (formerly Tanner). Bennett has since left the company.

We reported on the behind-the-scenes manipulations of Caissa Public Strategy back in 2017.

Our identification of the Caissa Seven at the time had predictive value, although we overestimated Kemp Conrad’s Caissa spend at a time when some documents were unavailable at the Election Commission.
We also missed a year-end 2014 contribution of $500 by Caissa Public Strategy to Edmund Ford Jr.  We are sorry we missed that, as it would have pointed to his antics around the 2018 referendum.   Essentially Ford was another Caissa paeon, voting with the Caissa whip almost all the time especially on public safety issues.

Continue reading “2019 Council Candidates Scored”

Berlin Boyd: The Donald Trump of Lies

City councilman Berlin Boyd was fast tracked into public office as a result of two prior appointments before getting elected to serve a full four-year term in 2015 as the city council representative for District 7.

Like some, I hoped he’d rise to the occasion. His early ambition to move forward on the Mow to Own initiative and the marijuana legislation were encouraging. Unfortunately, it was short lived as his personal character was illuminated and quickly became the subject of recurring conversations among various religious, business, political, and social circles as well as social media platforms. Neither his professional nor personal conduct, particularly his actions during his tenure in office, is evidence that the councilman has risen to the mantle of the office to which he is seeking to be re-elected. Sadly, Mr. Boyd has not done anything noteworthy to advance the livelihood of the indigent in his district; instead he has profited off the poor while in office. Hence, you should find it very irresponsible that he is asking for our vote with no tangible accomplishments to which he can point. The best he can offer the citizenry is the vague generalities he has prominently displayed on his campaign website. For example, he wrote:  “Encourages and supports a more responsive government, greater citizen participation, and community empowerment.” What does that mean? It means nothing. As a seasoned councilman seeking a second term, we should demand proof of a harvest from the seeds he supposedly has sown. Even more
revealing is his inability to have specifics to draw from, after being on the city council for four years, of which two were as council chairman. In reality, if Councilman Boyd had to list his accomplishments, the only one that comes to mind isn’t highlighted on his campaign website. Ironically, this is the dog park on affluent Mud Island. Boyd does, however, point out that he singlehandedly sponsored legislation to rename Lindon Avenue to Dr. M.L. King Jr. Avenue. This too is inaccurate. Public records show Mr. Boyd was a co-sponsor, along with former City Councilman Edmund Ford Jr., and others in the community, to whom he intentionally seems to forget to give credit. Nonetheless, this was legislation that came to fruition years prior to his being
elected to the city council.  A number of community leaders in District 7 are troubled by Councilman Boyd’s claims of being the architect who advanced discussions on the library in Frayser. This narrative, too, is false; his efforts were fruitless because they were non-existent. Here is the truth, many residents will corroborate that he flat
out refused their invitations to show up and be engaged with those in the poorest areas of the district who look like him. Boyd’s association with developers has prevented him from being an authentic public servant for all. Self-enrichment has repeatedly taken precedence over the best interests of the citizens. He is taking credit for moving the Frayser Library forward and helping with development in North Memphis, which is just another example of Boyd being disingenuous. He ignored Frayser residents.  And, because he would not return their calls or emails, they decided to self-organize with the assistance of former City Councilman Joe Brown.
These are only a few of Boyd’s exaggerated untruth and lies. Nonetheless all speaks to  Mr. Boyd’s character. Time and time again his personal character and conflict of interests were on full display to all. So, no, Councilman Boyd, we are not all “haters”. We are onlookers ashamed of your representation. I have lost count of the number of times Councilman Boyd has “forgotten” to recuse himself from votes he has taken, that directly serve his business partners and personal interest, on major development
deals. Boyd once said publicly, from the council dais, that he wasn’t going to jail for no one. From the optics he is on a slippery slope. Of course, the business community will stand beside Councilman Boyd, because his time in office has benefited them for generations to come. It has served them well. As a voter, ask yourself what generational examples has this person, who has represented District 7, left for
the generations coming up after us? Except for the fact that he is a public figure, his personal affairs (pun intended) wouldn’t be of importance to the taxpayers. I tend to believe that a person’s character privately has a direct correlation to their public integrity. Let me provide you with an example. Public records show that the only income Berlin Boyd reported to juvenile court was his $31,000 annual city council salary, when he appeared in court on two separate occasions for three of his four children, who were conceived during his current term in office. It has recently been discovered that his council salary is not the only compensation he was receiving, and continues to receive, at this time. Mr. Boyd is employed by FedEx, according to his revised financial disclosure and self-admission to a Commercial Appeal reporter, after he was caught dishonestly avoiding payment of child support for children he allegedly has denied publicly. Furthermore, a City Hall source, intimately involved with personnel matters, stated that his Council income is garnished to pay his monthly child support and arrears. The question is, why should taxpayers be left with paying his financial obligation to the mothers of his children? It is a personal responsibility that should be paid for out of income he earns from his private employer or from the kickbacks he receives from helping developers. Are you following the pattern of deception? Imagine the harm Boyd would do if we weren’t watching. Councilman Boyd: The trajectory of your time in office has been one embarrassment after another. It has also been transactional at the expense of your constituents. In a 2012 Op-Ed piece about politics, the writer, David Brooks eloquently put it this way, as he dissects the movie Lincoln, politics involves personal compromise for the public good and that politics is the best place to develop the highest virtues. Politics also involves such a perilous stream of character test: how low can you stoop to conquers without destroying yourself; when should you be loyal to your team and when should you break from it; how do you wrestle with the temptation of fame – that the people who can practice it and remain intact, like Lincoln, Washington or Churchill, are incredibly impressive. We are in a time where leadership in qualities of character is indispensable. And it is in this province is where the incumbent’s shortfall has been most glaring. You have not mastered the art of character in service and, in case no one has ever told you, to a great degree, the personal character of an individual shapes the public character of the seat they hold. A public servant, in particular, should  nspire us and lead by example. They should demonstrate the essential qualities of honesty and integrity and elevate the people’s agenda and mutual respect. The people aren’t asking for perfection. Honesty, accountability and selflessness is a good starting place. In closing, it is fitting to share the quote below, from Councilman Berlin Boyd’s campaign website: “The only measure of what you believe is what you do. If you want to know what people believe, don’t read what they write, don’t ask them what they believe, just observe what they do.” – Ashley Montagu. One of Councilman Boyd’s council colleagues suggested that it takes four years to learn the job of a councilperson.  It is my assessment that Berlin does not have the temperament or leadership qualities we need in those who we want to represent us. You do not deserve four more years to learn how to treat us. We have measured your motives, exactly how you have asked of the voters during the 2015 election, and now again in 2019, we have observed what you have done. I will conclude this Op-Ed with the following Proverb, “as iron sharpens iron, so one man sharpens another.” The citizens of District 7 have had four years to observe Councilman Boyd sharpen the iron of developers  above the citizens, his ego and pride above fatherhood and manhood, obtaining perceived power and greed above righteousness, and has destroyed his reputation with the people who he put himself above. Pride comes before the fall, so good luck keeping your balance serving multiple masters.